A Brief Note On The Major Micro Vascular Complication Of...

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the major micro-vascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease. In view of metabolic derangements of T2DM, we went further to investigate the role played by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and omentin-1 in DN. Patients and methods: 15 normo-albuminuria T2DM, 15 micro-albuminuria T2DM and 15 macro-albuminuria T2DM in addition to 15 healthy volunteer who served as control group were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Plasma Ox-LDL, omentin- 1 and urinary LCN2 levels by immunoassy and TLR4 mRNA level with real time PCR were assessed. Results: TLR4 gene expression, Plasma ox-LDL, urinary LCN2 levels were increased in T2DM cases as compared to their allied control group with the higher values were for macro-albuminuria T2DM cases. Meanwhile Plasma omentin-1 level was decreased in T2DM cases when compa red to their allied control group with least values were for macro-albuminuria T2DM cases. Also there were positive correlations between TLR4 mRNA, ox-LDL, urinary LCN2 levels and serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, meanwhile omentin 1 showed negative correlations with serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusions: Ox-LDL, TLR4, LCN2 and omentin 1 may confer a relevant role in diabetic nephropathy development andShow MoreRelatedMedical Test with Answers Essay example16933 Words   |  68 Pagesshould the nurse administer? A. 0.5 ml. B. 1 ml. C. 1.5 ml. Correct D. 2 ml. To correctly tabulate this problem, use the formula: Desired/On Hand, Or the algebraic formula: 75: x = 50 : 1. 50x = 75 x = 75/50 or reduced to 1.5 ml (C). Category: Fundamentals  ¶ The nurse is preparing to administer IV fluid to a client with a strict fluid restriction. IV tubing with which feature is most important for the nurse to select? A. Micro drop factor. B. Drop factor of 15 gtt/ml. C. An intact inline filter. DRead MoreComprehensive 1 Essay18452 Words   |  74 Pagesantiviral agents (D) are ineffective. Symptoms, such as fever, chills, headache, stiff neck, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes are more typical, not nausea and vomiting (C).   Category:   Community Health Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points. 2. 2.ID: 310982379 The nurse is planning a wellness program aimed at primary prevention in the community. Which action should the nurse implement? A.   Immunizations that decrease occurrences of many contagious diseases.  Correct B.   Blood pressure screenings