Euthanasia Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Euthanasia Essay Introduction Essay Introduction According to the American Cancer Society (2015), it is estimated that there were 589,430 cancer deaths among men and women. Everybody has the right to autonomy and the autonomy factor of the individual plays a vital role when euthanasia is chosen to be used. It can be a very difficult time for the patient’s family and friends but it is the patient who is deeply suffering from the situation. Euthanasia is not a practice that is legal across America; instead it is only legal in 5 states which include Washington, Oregon, Montana, Vermont and New Mexico. When understanding the use of euthanasia, it is very important to recognize the patients’ perspective. A physician must understand exactly what the mindset of the patient and their family before they proceed. This particular study researches and examines the autonomy aspect on the use of euthanasia from the patients’ perspective. It is also important to recognize that there are patients that are afraid of the legalization of euthanasia and the ones that decide to choose this option. Background Euthanasia is a practice used on patents to end their life in order to end the pain and suffering that is caused by cancer. Euthanasia has caused a lot of controversy over the years due to moral and religious reasons. However, there are patients all over the world that are suffering daily from the unbearable pain which is making them even consider the use of euthanasia. Some may argue that it is the autonomy of the patient should be the final ruling on whether or not euthanasia should be used. Others may say that although patient autonomy should be considered as an important factor on the use of euthanasia but it is viewed as a form of medical abuse. Over the years the aspect of patient autonomy has shifted dramatically in which it now strongly overpowers paternalism. In this particular study, the researchers felt that is was important to fully understand the viewpoint of the cancer patients and what they truly feel about the use of euthanasia. Every patient has their own perspectives of euthanasia and this research  aims to target the thoughts that revolve around the minds of these individuals. This can be a very complicated type of study because it is a very sensitive topic but the researchers feel that the in-depth interviews can reveal crucial information. There are many facts and information known about euthanasia but very little is actually noted by health professionals. Patients and Methods According to the researchers, there were a total of 66 informants that were interviewed for this study. It was also mentioned by the researchers that the study was â€Å"initiated in 1997, but due to one researcher’s own fatal disease, the project was postponed, but then restarted, with additional interviewing, in 2007† (Karlsson et al, 2011, p.35). The requirements were that patients had to be â€Å"over 18 years, suffering from cancer in a palliative phase†¦ no obvious disorientation and not currently suffering from a psychological crisis† (Karlsson et al, p.35). The patients were selected from five different units which consisted of various organizations and clinics. Each interview that was conducted was based on set topics that included matters based on the informants’ perspectives on euthanasia and its legalization in Sweden. It was also specified that each interview were examined in a qualitative manner and â€Å"tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim, ranging in size from 800 to 10,000 words† (Karlsson et al, p. 35). Results After conducting the interviews, researchers have come to a conclusion that there were many patients that had neutral opinions on the use of euthanasia. Furthermore, there were some patients who might actually consider euthanasia. Many also thought it was unnecessary to continue living with such harsh health conditions. With this study it was also realized that the perspectives on euthanasia were not particularly similar between the terminally ill patients. It was a very interesting discovery because there were patients that had two totally different viewpoints. The issue of trust is a very important factor when trying to determine their thoughts on euthanasia. The relationship between the family, patient and the physician were also brought up by the patients. These patients have very different views on the value of trust where some have complete trust, trust with some  doubt, and absolutely no trust in the physicians and their family. Ethical considerations Before the actual research was conducted it was first approved by regional board of ethics. It was stated by the researchers that â€Å"The selected patients were provided with written information of the study by staff members, and if interested, they were approached by the researcher, receiving further information† (Karlsson et al., p. 35). It is important for health care officials to fully recognize the different perspectives and thoughts on euthanasia. Autonomy is a very large part of the decision and it is very important to consider their individual rights. Providing information to the patient and their family can always be helpful in their final decision. Because there are so many different viewpoints on euthanasia, it is very important for the health care providers to individually understand each patient’s needs. Conclusions This research can be critical to changing the personal thoughts of health care professionals. Although, this topic is a very complicated issue, this research tends to clarify many aspects of euthanasia. It was concluded that some patients wanted to make the final decision, others wanted guidance and help from the family, and some wanted the health care professionals to make the final decision. The trust factor plays a huge role in the use of euthanasia as these terminally ill patients may not always have right mindset to make a decision. Patient autonomy is considered to be more important nowadays in the field of health work as doctors and physicians have less influence on the decisions of the patients. Overall, with this study it shows the importance to recognize the various mindsets of these individuals. References American Cancer Society. (2015). Estimated Deaths for the Four Major Cancers by Sex and Age Group. Estimated Deaths for the Four Major Cancers by Sex and Age Group. Karlsson, M., Milberg, A., Strang, P. (2011). Dying cancer patients’ own opinions on euthanasia: An expression of autonomy? A qualitative study. Palliative Medicine. Vol. 26. Pgs 34-42.

Homer’s Iliad - The Shield of Achilles Essay -- Iliad essays

Homer’s Iliad - The Shield of Achilles Homer devotes the final passages of Book 18 of The Iliad to the description of the shield of Achilles. Only a quarter of the description concerns warfare, the essential grist of the epic. Instead, the bulk of the description presents a peaceful society and rural idylls, a curious choice for the most ferocious warrior of the Greeks, and an odd thing for both armies to fear. A narrative emerges from the scenes of the shield, and it is this that fits Achilles and repulses everyone else. We expect Achilles’ shield to unsettle his adversaries—that is, after all, one of the objectives of a shield. Indeed, Achilles returns to battle "shining in all his armour, a man like the murderous war god" (Iliad 20.46).1 Once he and Hektor are alone on the battlefield, the shield shines: like that star which comes on in the autumn and whose conspicuous brightness far outshines the stars that are numbered in the night’s darkening, the star they give the name of Orion’s Dog, which is brightest among the stars, and yet is wrought as a sign of evil and brings on the great fever for unfortunate mortals. (22.26-31) We need not wonder, then, when Priam and Hecuba supplicate Hektor to return to Troy in the face of this practically cosmic onslaught. But what is unusual is that Achilles’ own men avoid the shield: "None had the courage / to look straight at it. They were afraid of it" (19.14-15). Here even the narration relies on the pronoun "it" instead of explicitly identifying the shield as the source of... ...ictory. If Achilles had chosen to leave, not only would he have been a good son, but the Trojans might have won the war, meaning both he and Priam would have had something to which they could look forward, and three-fourths of the shield’s story would not have been left unfulfilled. In staying, he contributes not only to his own demise, but also to that of the Trojans. This knowledge causes "the anger to come harder upon him" (19.16), and yet "he was glad" (19.18). The great dilemma of Achilles is forever immortalized on his shield, so that some lesser man in the future would be able to read the narrative upon it and say: "This armor was Achilles’, a man who forfeited the rest of his life for grim combat. The gods do not force most men to choose like that." NOTES 1. Homer, The Iliad, trans. Richmond Lattimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951).

Asses the View That Childhood Is Not a Fixed Universal Experience Essay

Asses the view that childhood is not a fixed universal experience- Sociologists believe that childhood is not a fixed universal experience, this is called social construct, meaning that the idea about childhood is varied according to time, place, gender, ethnicity and social class. The definition of childhood is a state or period of being a child. Many children in today’s society do not experience this and in the past too. Aries (1960) suggested that today childhood is only a recent social invention. Children in pre-industrial society were mini adults who worked and played the same as adults. Children were seen as economic assets. Aires argued that in the middle ages childhood did not exist. After industrialisation working class children were frequently found working in mines, factories and mills. However, according to Aires, middle class started to change around this time. There was an increase in marital and parental love in middle class families as the infant mortality rate decreased and families had fewer children. This then led into the early industrial times, with the industrial revolution the position of children had changed, but this wasn’t any better. Children were still made to work, but now not in fields but in factories, coalmines and up chimneys. There were no laws to protect the children from this, as the children were seen to be bringing in the much needed income to the household. Gradually laws did come into place to protect the children; this then led to the child-centred society. Aries claimed that childhood began from the early 13th century as fee-paying schools were open to provide the upper class education. The church also began to separate children from adults as saying that they are fragile creatures of god and needed to be punished differently Social attitudes started to change towards children in the nineteenth century. Children were excluded from factories and mines as it was far too dangerous to work in the conditions there. Some working class parents however, resisted these moves as they were ones that depended on their children’s wages to support and feed the family. Beginning of the twentieth century, a child-centred society emerged and the standard of living improved such as flushing toilets and sanit ation, infant mortality rate continued to decline. Due to this child centred society children have become very expensive and this is the reason why people are having less children so they can invest in love, socialisation and protection to the  children they have. Attitudes of children had started to change when society slowly started becoming child centred, so children’s needs of special attention and protection became about to such as the child support act (1991). This law monitored the way parents reared their children. Childhood as we know it today started to come about in the 1950s onwards. Child-centred means that children are now loved, valued and cared for properly. Children now have to attend mainstream school from the ages of 5 to 16. They have their own doctors, teachers and social workers to care for them. Children’s books, magazines, TV programs and films are made especially for them and finally have laws in place to protect them.

The Toms River High School East Child Stud Team - 1834 Words

The Toms River High School East Child Stud Team (CST) would like to provide comments and concerns relating to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), No Child Left Behind, and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2004 requirement of assessments in public schools and that all students must participate, with the sole focus on the state of New Jerseys decision to use the PARCC. Specifically, considering the impact is has on students classified with learning disabilities. I would like to urge you to think about reevaluating the procedure of using the PARCC and other standardized tests that are geared to general education students to assess our students because it seems to be doing more harm than good. During the†¦show more content†¦To start, I would like to give examples of how this test is actually affecting the students. As the time for testing comes near, students come into the high school CST office daily talking about how anxious they are about having to participate in the test, even with testing accommodations put in place. One specific student, Ashley’, has been coming in regularly talking about how nervous she is about the test this year because last year her parents opted her out. This year, the school district has informed her not to do this and she knows that there is no possible way she will pass because he is in all special education (SE) classes. When he was informed that he did not have to pass and try his best because through her IEP she will be exempt from passing, she expressed that she is still upset about it. She feels that she has to do well on the test to prove that she is not dumb. She says that thinking about taking the test makes her sick to his stomach and she wants to skip those school days when the test is being administered. Just from speaking with her, it is easy to see that the scores she feels she will receive on this test are affecting her self-esteem. She does not understand why she has to take the test if she is exempt from passing. Ashley is not the only one to express concerns about taking the test.

Case Study Walmart Stores, Inc. - 1084 Words

Bustillo (2010) gives a background on how Walmart commenced operations in 1962 as a local discount store in Rogers, Arkansas. Furthermore, how Sam Walton originated Walmart, by effectively maintaining a retail store known as Walton’s Five and Dime. This retail store was an extension of a franchise store known as Ben Franklin. At this juncture of five years, Walton built stores throughout Arkansas with an annual report sale well over $12 million. Walmart began to wander in and out of the states of Missouri and Oklahoma in 1968. Walmart turn out to be in October 1969 incorporated as Walmart Stores, Inc. Bustillo (2010) further explains that in the following year, the retailer comprised of 38 stores with 1,500 employees and with sales totaling above $44 million. The year after that, Walmart came to be a public trading company by the means of a stock split of $47 per share. The next few years, sales totaled over $340 million and continue to grow rapidly. When the 1980s came around, the store celebrated its 25th anniversary, to prominence its sales of approximately $16 billion and employing 200,000 associates. Millions of dollars were invested for new technology of a satellite network. It is estimated about $24 million for its corporate office located in Bentonville, Arkansas to track its inventory. Located in Washington, Missouri, Walmart established its first superstore, providing a competitive advantage. Walmart Inc. expanded its operations overseas in the lateShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Walmart Stores, Inc.1052 Words   |  5 PagesIII. Situation Analysis Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is the largest retailer in the world with a bullseye on its back from competitors taking aim in all different directions from supermarkets cutting prices to match Wal-Mart’s price, to Costco leading the warehouse market and online retailer beating out Wal-Mart.com. 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From humble beginnings in the 1960s in Arkansas to the world’s leading retailer, Walmart has come a long way to its success. Starting domestically in Arkansas, it was dedicated to its principals; genuine customer courtesy, a culture of respect for the individual and everyday low prices. In the 1960s, Sam Walton, the founderRead MoreBusiness Model Evaluation : Wal Mart s Global Logistics Empire Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness Model Evaluation: Quantifying Walmart s Sources of Advantage. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 9(1), pp.12-33 Casadesus-Masanell R, Ricart JE, 2010, From strategy to business model and onto tactics, Long Range Planning 43(2): 195–215. Casadesus-Masanell R, Zhu F, 2010, Strategies to fight ad-sponsored rivals, Management Science 56(9): 1484–1499. Chan, A, (2011), Walmart in China, Ithaca: ILR Press. 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An example is Oakland; this town was on its edge of becoming a ghost town, until Walmart came to town. â€Å"I think this is a benefit because there was nothing out here,† (Mike Breuner, of Oakland.) Robert Turner, from Oakland agreed. â€Å"I think this is just great, out here, where people are struggling to find work, a job at walmart is better than no job atRead MoreCSR Issues in Walmart1194 Words   |  5 PagesCSR ISSUES IN WALMART Ethical sourcing Walmart claims that its mission is centered on helping people live better which not only applies to customers and associates, but also to the workers who make their products. Furthermore, all the products that Walmart offers to its customers are supposedly verified whether they are produced with dignity and respect for workers. In order to be accepted as Walmart’s supplier there are standards and obligations expected from suppliers. 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The 47 million Puerto Rican and U.S members are served by Sam s Club chain, as of 2012 (Sam’s Club, 2016). Being 8th major U.S. retailer, Sam s Club holds 2nd rank, as of 31st Jan 2008, behind Costco; it deals in volume among distribution centre clubs with 57 billion in dealsRead MoreAaa Office World Case1665 Words   |  7 Pagesevery possible strategy available, risks and benefits also come into play; without discarding any of them beforehand, every option is a strong candidate until a final decision is made. In this case study we will analyze the current business strategy pertaining to AAA and the offer from Business Center Inc. Background In order to define what AAA should do in this kind of a situation we must first look at the background of the company. The company has been in business for 28 years and their sales

Group Discussion On Group Counseling - 855 Words

Group Facilitator Reflection So far, I have cooperated with one of my cohort to facilitate the small group discussion in the course, Group Counseling. The two group discussions we led were aimed at encouraging the members to share their feelings and disclose some of their personal experiences. However, the approaches we adopted for these two sessions were different. The topic of the first session was what inspired you to going into the counseling field. We thought it might be a good topic to start the self-disclosure, because most of us students had thought the reason why we decided to learn counseling and they might have different experiences to share with the group. We hoped the members could be able to find some similarities and even developed new insights through the discussion. During the session, we mainly asked questions, for example, ‘is anyone willing to share with us?’, ‘why do you decide to go this counseling program?’ and ‘does anyone have a different experience to share ?’. The outcome was not satisfying. Most of the time, the members stayed silent and I was very uncomfortable with the silence. I intended to fill in the silence but I did not know what I should do. I did not know if I should direct the attention to a specific member or if it was appropriate to ask a quiet member to share her thoughts. I became increasingly nervous overtime and I became silence as well. I felt very awkward and frustrated. I kept questioning myself if I did something wrongShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Group Counseling On Ninth Grade At Risk Students Authored By Page Chandler1459 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a counseling journal was to be done. 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Customer Orientation and Performance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Customer Orientation and Performance. Answer: Introduction: Apple Inc. is an American corporation which was found in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steven Wozniak. The company deals in the products like I pad, iPhone, I cloud, Apple TV, etc. (Lazonick, Mazzucato Tulum, 2013). Apple Inc. is a product orientation company. It is because it produces innovative products with quality to the customers which helps it in targeting maximum consumers. The company develop its products and make them attractive for the customers. The products of the company are produced by keeping in mind that they must edge over the products of the competitors. The products are made with unique and attractive features which capture the attention of the customers. The employees of the company are highly talented and skilled which focus on delivering new to the customers every time. They use their strengths and capabilities which produces high end quality products as a result (Maurya, et. al., 2015). The company tries to match up the expectations and needs of the customers with the help of its unique and technologically upgraded products. Apple has come up with its two new models recently in IPhone which are IPhone 8 and 10. The company is strongly oriented towards the product and strives for best position in the industry by serving the customers and making them satisfied through its products. The company also adopt differentiation and cost leadership strategies in order to improve its profits on the sale of its products (Maurya, et. al., 2015). This shows that the company is strongly product oriented. References Lazonick, W., Mazzucato, M., Tulum, . (2013, December). Apple's changing business model: What should the world's richest company do with all those profits?. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 249-267). Elsevier. Maurya, U. K., Mishra, P., Anand, S., Kumar, N. (2015). Corporate identity, customer orientation and performance of SMEs: Exploring the linkages.IIMB Management Review,27(3), 159-174.